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Phantom Menace: The Psychology Behind America's Immigration Hysteria PDF Print E-mail
Contributed by Tony Cheek   
Sunday, 02 March 2008
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Phantom Menace: The Psychology Behind America's Immigration Hysteria
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Legal and illegal immigration from Mexico and Central America is seen as accelerating the country's decline by undermining its national identity and racial stock. Immigration, Tancredo declares, is "the issue of our culture itself, and whether we will survive." Buchanan invokes Toynbee and the collapse of civilizations: "We are witnessing how nations perish. We are entered upon the final act of our civilization." He warns of "an immigrant invasion of the United States from the Third World" and declares that "white America is in flight." In the introduction to his book The War on the Middle Class, Lou Dobbs writes, "Each night, as I conclude my nightly broadcast on CNN, I have the gut-sick feeling that we have chronicled another twenty-four hours in the decline of our great democratic republic and the bankrupting of our free enterprise economy."

These fears also crop up among local anti-immigration activists. Malzone sees illegal immigration not just as an unwelcome intrusion, but as a symptom of national decline. A wiry man with graying short hair, a goatee, and a heavy New England accent, he pounds his kitchen table for emphasis as he talks. "I love my country, and I think it is important to keep it going, because I see it failing rapidly," he says. "I'm only forty-seven years old, but I never thought I would get to the stage where I sounded like my grandparents. Oh my god, things were never this bad. Did you ever think things would be this bad?" At a McCain rally in Conway, New Hampshire, a woman asks McCain about making English the official language. "I'm terribly concerned there's real danger we're going to lose our country from within," she says. This concern about national decline is what sustains the cultural argument against Latino immigration.

These bursts of anti-immigration fervor are cyclical. They have eventually abated. The anti-immigration movement of the 1920s dissipated soon after Congress passed draconian restrictions on immigration in 1924, although a residue of nativism persisted well into the 1930s. In the 1990s, the anti-immigration movement, which scored a victory with California's passage of Proposition 187 in 1994 and was embraced by the new Republican majority in Congress, dissipated after the 1996 election largely because of the Clinton economic boom. With income and employment rising, Americans no longer felt as threatened by globalization. Fears of job competition and strained social services persisted in affected states, but they did not give rise to a national furor over illegal immigrants. Immigration disappeared as a national issue.

What are the prospects that the current furor will abate in the near future? Not good. Congress passed, and the Bush administration signed, legislation increasing border security, but it will have no bearing on the estimated 12 million illegal immigrants already in the United States or on the source of 40 percent of new illegal immigrants--those visitors who overstay their visas. And, with American businesses continuing to demand low-wage workers and with Mexicans and other Latinos eager to escape poverty, pressure to allow immigration will only increase. At the same time, the United States appears headed for a recession that will heighten Americans' economic anxieties and fear of global decline and spark new protests over immigration.

The clamor over illegal immigration can be expected to grow over this year and to play a large role in this fall's election debate, as it already has in the congressional by-elections that have taken place since November 2006. Which party will benefit is unclear. Will the Democrats, who have generally favored a liberal immigration policy, make up in Hispanic votes what they might lose in support from Reagan and Bush Democrats? Or will Republican candidates be able to follow Latta's example and parlay the furor over illegal immigration into political victories? It'll probably depend on the kind of voters that reside in a particular state or congressional district. What is certain is that the United States, which has grown and prospered as a nation of immigrants, but which must now urgently find ways to regulate their flow, will suffer from this acrimony.

John B. Judis is a senior editor at The New Republic and a visiting scholar at the Carnegie Endowment.


Last Updated ( Wednesday, 19 March 2008 )
 
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